Essay Beowulf Translations In Time - 2840 Words

Beowulf Translations In Time Beowulf. The oldest and, arguably, the greatest epic in English literature’s vast history. Beowulf is an epic poem, originally written in Old English, that details the heroic exploits of the warrior, Beowulf, throughout his life. It represents the heroic ideal and the role of fate’s importance to the Old English people, while also addressing politics, war, old-age, kinsmanship, and fantasy. The depth of the poem, in both its poetry and narration, is incredible, and in the original Old English the integration and weaving of meaning throughout the text is virtually unparalleled. Though Beowulf is an obvious masterpiece of English literature, its true importance in history is often understated†¦show more content†¦Wiht unhaelo, grim ond graedig, gearo sona waes, reoc ond repe, ond on raeste genam pritig pegna; panon eft gewat hude hremig to ham faran, mid paere waelfylle wica neosan. (115-125) This passage, Grendel’s approach and attack on the Dane’s hall, was chosen because it is representative of the poetic and narrative structures that are operating throughout the poem; the recurring diction, narrative movement, internal reference and contrast, and envelope structure that are present in this short passage are echoed in all of Beowulf. Also, this passage is an important and entertaining portion of the story, providing a good reference point for the analysis of the translations. The translations I have selected are varied; from literal word- by-word translations, to more â€Å"narrative† modern verse translations, to transcriptions of the original text with glossings, and even one of my own translations. The chosen translations range fairly evenly from the years 1892 to 2001, and are all from academic sources (except for, possibly, the two Penquin translations, which I have included for added depth in analysis, giving translations that are directed at a more broad audience). This varied range of translations over time provides a good foundation to examine the content of this very important passage in translation. By examining Grendel’s approach to the hall, theShow MoreRelated Epic of Beowulf Essay - Foreign and English Translations and Versions of Beowulf1541 Words   |  7 PagesForeign and English Translations and Versions of Beowulf   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   From 1805 until the present there have been introduced an abundance of paraphrases, translations, adaptations, summaries, versions and illustrations of Beowulf in modern English and in foreign languages due mostly to two reasons: the desire to make the poem accessible, and the desire to read the exotic (Osborn 341). It is the purpose of this essay to present a brief history of this development of the popularity of the poem andRead MoreEssay about Comparison of Seven Beowulf Translations1133 Words   |  5 PagesComparison of Seven Beowulf   Translations    There is not unanimity among Beowulf translators concerning all parts of the text, but there is little divergence from a single, uniform translation of the poem. Herein are discussed some passages which translators might show disagreement about because of the lack of clarity or missing fragments of text or abundance of synonyms or ambiguous referents.    After the Danish coast-guard meets and talks to Beowulf, the guard then begins his nextRead MoreLanguage in Beowulf Essay767 Words   |  4 Pagestimeles epic poem Beowulf. Beowulf was written in Old English by an unknown author between the centuries of 800 AD and 1000 AD. Year after year, a new translation is made by an author. Each translation is completely different, yet still the same poem. It is tedious for authors to make their translation literal to the original epic, while simultaneously making it understandable, modern, and readable. Many have tried to accomplish this, but personally I find that Seamus Heaney’s translation of the epic accomplishesRead MoreEssay about Analysis of 2 Translations of Beowulf667 Words   |  3 PagesDescription Comparative Analysis Beowulf is a great piece of Anglo-Saxon literature that can be, and has been, translated in multiple ways. Of the many outstanding translations, two of which are by Burton Raffel and Seamus Heaney, different ways of writing are portrayed. Grendel’s description is written quite differently in both translations. Heaney’s translation is more similar to the Anglo-Saxon style of writing than Raffel’s translation. In Heaney’s translation, he uses a kenning to describe theRead MoreEssay On Translation Of The Movie Beowulf953 Words   |  4 PagesBeowulf is the oldest surviving epic poem in Old English literature. It is a tale as old as time, passed down through stories around the campfire, told through the ancient lips of our ancestors. There were many translations recorded as soon as writing was developed, but one was more accurate and popular than the rest. In the year 2007, the movie Beowulf was produced, and it combined many translations of the poem. There were major similarities and differences between the most accurate translationRead MoreBeowulf: An Anglo-Saxon Epic Poem Essay1356 Words   |  6 Pages The epic poem Beowulf, is a work of fiction and was composed sometime between the middle of the seventh and the end of the tenth century of the first millennium, in the language today called Anglo- Saxon or Old English. This story is a heroic narrative, more than three thousand lines long, concerning the deeds of the Scandinavian prince, also called Beowulf, and it stands as one of the foundation works of poetry in English. Beowulf is obviously a creation of the poet, through partial comparisonsRead MoreEssay on Anglo-Saxon History and Beowulf1586 Words   |  7 PagesAnglo-Saxon History and Beowulf By definition the word â€Å"hero† might be interpreted in one of four ways. First off in mythology and legend, a hero is often of divine ancestry. He is endowed with great courage and strength, celebrated for his bold exploits, and favored by the gods. Secondly, a hero is a person noted for feats of courage or nobility of purpose, especially one who has risked or sacrificed his or her life. Thirdly, a hero can also be described as a person noted for specialRead MoreBeowulf And The Anglo Saxon Period1740 Words   |  7 PagesBeowulf The original poem, Beowulf, goes back to the Anglo-Saxon period in c. 650 and c.1100. Authors translated Beowulf many times in the Anglo-Saxon period to present day. It displays how a hero should be in the real world. He helps the people in the village and slays monsters. Everyone in the village looks up to him as he acts as if he were a role model. Beowulf, the protagonist in the translated Beowulf by Seamus Heaney, is a hero of his village, stands for bravery, strong will, and noblenessRead MoreSummery and Response of Webster’s Article on Archeology in Beowulf642 Words   |  3 PagesIn Webster’s article, she talks about the different things that make Beowulf the poem what it is today. In her article she talks about different things like swords, shields, halls, and cultures. She takes these subjects and talks about where they originated and why they are in the poem. She takes the poem and breaks it down into the different subjects, and shows the reader how they add to the texture of the poem. Webster ends her article by stating that the poem would not be what it was today withoutRead More Epic of Beowulf Essay - Alliteration in Beowulf1297 Words   |  6 PagesAlliteration in Beowulf  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚   The diction of the Old English poem Beowulf is distinguished primarily by its heavy use of   allliteration, or the repetition of the initial sounds of words.    In the original manuscript version of the poem, alliteration is employed in almost every line (or two half-lines); in modern translations of the poem this is not so. Beowulf uses alliteration [my italics] and accent to achieve the poetic effect which Modern English poetry achieves

Social Issues in Sociology Ideas

Social Issues in Sociology Ideas Quality healthcare is a social issue that leads to problems for people who dwell in urban environments. Possessing both sites wasn't beneficial and was confusing. I've been involved ever since. Besides teen pregnancy, there are a large number of important identified social issues in the USA today. There is a particular fragility of revenue and social position in France. All information, contact and products are going to be in 1 address. The conditions of his entrance into placement was extraordinary. It turned out to be a prosperous morning. A lot of my Hubs are favorites of mine for unique factors. Waiting and hoping I will fall. I am hoping I'm doing the proper thing,'' she explained. My name is Ealisa Adams and I'm a freelance writer for assorted online websites. Various individuals may hold different and strongly-held views, which aren't easily changed. People from otherwise excellent backgrounds are more inclined to draw sympathy than people that have more troubled histories. In some regions, it seems to have gotten worse. Social Issues in Sociology Secrets Education is potentially the most important component in someone's success in society. Nonprofit organizations are often formed for the only purpose of solving a social matter. Social problems often involve issues that impact the actual world. They are issues or problems that may affect the people in a society, no matter it is directly or indirectly, and social problems are mainly related to moral values. It's through the study of sociology which our whole outlook on several facets of crime has change. The fantastic strength of Habermas's early work is it treats the growth of media as an essential part of the formation of the modern-day societies. It increases the understanding of the society. This scientific understanding of human society is necessary in order to attain progress in many fields. In fact, the majority of people also think that racism is developed through a couple of outcomes. This term was defined in a variety of fields of studies like in psychology and sociology. The social phenomenon is currently understood in the light of scientific wisdom and enquiry. Functionalism interprets each component of society with respect to the way that it contributes to the stability of the entire society. The Benefits of Social Issues in Sociology The country has a ways to go when it has to do with discrimination. For instance, a high unemployment rate which affects millions of people is a social matter. Everyone deserves a good education. The main reason for social problems is due to unemployment, which is additionally a social problem itself. By contrast, Republicans are more inclined to feel that government shouldn't be accountable for financial equality. The front page news was not excellent. To mention every social issue is beyond the reach of this lesson, but we'll look at a few examples of social problems that are recognized and important problems in the USA today. I'm not the only one contemplating the problem of cheating. The Ugly Secret of Social Issues in Sociology Typically, 300,000 or more people all around the world take part in the Microsoft Solitaire events which take place four or five times weekly. My passion is helping different individuals make a modest additional cash online. If only a few individuals are speaking out against it, then it isn't a social matter. When many folks dwell in urban environments for work opportunities, unemployment is still an issue in lots of them. This is a step that's being taken to be able to try to get around the occurrence of this social issue. If I am only able to work out the tracker system so that I can begin making referrals which will be awesome. A social problem is normally a term used to refer to problems with a specific area or group of men and women in the world. Throughout the life program, there are social problems connected with various ages.

Business Entities in Malaysia-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Identify And Discuss the Features of Business Entities in Malaysia, Explained the Concept of Separate Legal Entity and Evaluate the Application of Section 181 (1) of the Companies Act, 1965. Answer: Introduction: A business entity can be described as a voluntary organization that has been formed and organized for the purpose of carrying on the trading of goods or services to the consumers for a profitable or altruistic purpose. This is decided by the business plan of the entity as the result of its operations and its major activity. Nearly all business entities are owned privately and are controlled by an individual or comprise a few persons. In case of Malaysia, generally the common types of business entities are sole proprietorship, partnership and private limited companies. There is a difference in all these types of business entities regarding the level of control that is exercised by the ultimate owner of the business on the business. However in all these types of business entities, the private transactions of the owners are not mixed up with the transaction and the business accounts. Sole proprietorship: As is the case with several other countries, in case of sole proprietorship, one individual solely owns the business. In case of Malaysia, only the citizens of Malaysia or the permanent residents of the country can register as the owners of sole proprietorship. The law allows personal name/trade name to be used as the name of the business. The applicant of the business name should be filled in the associated entity, which is Registrar of Business (ROB) acting under the Companies Commission of Malaysia (CCM) prior to the registration of business. In case of sole proprietorship, the liability of the owner of the business is unlimited. Consequently, in case the business fails or it has been declared bankrupt, the curators of the business have the option to sue the owner of sole proprietorship regarding all the debts of the business. The effect of this situation is that the personal income and the personal assets of the owner of sole proprietorship are also liable. However, it is the easiest way to start a business. As compared to private limited companies, only annual fee is payable by the sole proprietors to the Companies Commission of Malaysia for the purpose of renewing the business from year to year. In case of a sole proprietorship, there is no annual audit filing requirements. As mentioned above, the most significant danger present in case of sole proprietorship is that of unlimited liability. This means that if the sole proprietorship fails to fulfill its liabilities, the creditors have the option to recover from the personal assets of the owner. In this way, the personal assets of the owner of a sole proprietorship do not have any protection. The reason is that in case of a sole proprietorship, no distinction is made by the law between the owner of the business and his personal assets. The profit made by the business in case of sole proprietorship is treated as the business income of the individual. Partnership: A partnership can be described as a legal form of business in which there are two or more owners. In this case, there should be a legal agreement between the partners which mentions the way profit will be shared, decisions will be made, how the disputes will be resolved between the partners, how the partners can be added to the business in future and so on. Although it is difficult to break up a partnership when the business has just started but it has been seen that many partnerships come to an end during a crisis (Aghion, Bolton and Tirole, 2000,). Therefore, in the absence of a defined process, it could result in greater difficulties to dissolve the partnership. Generally, the business structure of a partnership is used for the purpose of establishing professional firms like auditors and lawyers. In case of a partnership, the liability of all the partners is unlimited. In this way, in case of a partnership, two or more persons (at least two persons and maximum 20) combine their resources for the purpose of carrying out a legal business in Malaysia and with a view to make profit. As is the case with sole proprietorship, only the citizens of Malaysia or permanent residents can register a partnership. Generally the partnership agreement is drawn by legal counsel. This agreement defines the liabilities and responsibilities of each partner (Anderson, Gary and Tollison, 1983). In case of a partnership, the profits and the liabilities of the business are shared by all the partners. There are different types of partnerships that need to be discussed briefly. General partnership: In case of a general partnership, the partners share responsibility regarding the management of the business and also the liabilities of the business. Similarly, the profit or the loss of the business is also shared by all the partners in accordance with the partnership agreement. Generally it is assumed that all the partners have an equal share unless something different has been mentioned in the written agreement created between the partners. Limited partnership: the meaning of a limited partnership or a partnership with limited liability is that the liability of most of the partners to the business is limited to the extent of the investment made by them. Similarly, these partners have limited input related with the decisions concerning the management of the business. However, the creation of a limited partnership is more formal and complex as compared to the formation of a general partnership (Salim, 2006). Company: Another business structure, available in Malaysia is that of a company. The Companies Act, 1965 is applicable in case of the companies operating in Malaysia. This legislation provides protection to the rights and interests of the shareholders and investors. Similarly, this legislation also contains the regulations related with the incorporation of companies, the Constitution of the company, management and closure of companies. In case of the business structure of a company, limited liability is available to the shareholders. However, at the same time, certain restrictions also placed on the ownership of the company, which have been introduced to prevent any hostile takeover attempts. In the eyes of law, a limited company enjoys a special status (Beck, Demirguc-Kunt and Maksimovic, 2004). After registration, a company has its own legal identity. Consequently, the law permits the corporation to sue in its own name. Similarly, a company can also own assets in its own name. The ownership in case of a limited company is divided into equal parts which are known as shares. A person owning one or more shares of the company is known as a shareholder of the company. As a result of the distinct legal identity offer limited company, the law provides that the owners of the company cannot be held personally liable regarding the debts of the company. Therefore, as compared to sole proprietors and partners, the shareholders of the company enjoy the benefit of limited liability. In Malaysia, there are three types of companies. These are:- Company limited by shares: the companies limited by shares can be described as the most common type of business entity that is incorporated in Malaysia. In this case, the liability of the members of the company is restricted to the amount that has been mentioned on their unpaid shares. Therefore, in case the company becomes insolvent and goes into liquidation, the members of the company are not required by the law to pay the debts of the company unless a personal guarantee has been given by any member of the company (Salim, 2005). In the same way, in this case, the private property of the members of the company is not legally responsible for the debts of the corporation. Sendirian Berhad (SDN BHD) can be described as a private limited company. In this case, any invitation to the public to subscribe to the shares of the company or to deposit money with the company for subscription or investment is prohibited. The minimum number of members required, in case of a private limited company is two and the number of members can go up to fifty. Berhad (BHD) can be described as a public limited company where the shares of the company can be offered to the general public for a fixed period as well as other forms of subscription. The minimum number of members in this case is two and the maximum number is unlimited. Generally this type of entity is created by large businesses. Companies limited by guarantee: These types of companies are generally used for clubs, charities, societies and community projects etc. Therefore, most of the companies limited by guarantee are not for profit companies. This means that these companies do not distribute their prophet among the members but either the profit is retained by the company or it is used for some other purpose. In case of this type of business entity, it is mentioned in the Articles of Association and the Memorandum of the company that the liability of members is restricted to the amount that has been "guaranteed" or undertaken during winding up, which is the amount mentioned in the Memorandum and agreed and signed by all the members. Such companies do not have share capital, therefore there are no shareholders. Unlimited companies: These types of companies are rarely formed. An unlimited company is a hybrid corporation that is either with or without share capital. Such company is similar to a limited company, but in this case, the members or the shareholders do not enjoy limited liability. This means that the members of the company have a joint, several and unlimited liability for fulfilling the insufficiency in the assets of the company in case of the liquidation of the company to settle its outstanding liabilities, if any. However and their former liquidation, the unlimited company is same as its counterpart limited company where there is no direct liability of the members towards the creditors of the company during the formal course of business. The concept of separate legal entity: The principle according to which a company is treated in the eyes of law as a separate legal entity that is distinct from its members has been provided in Salomon v Salomon Co Ltd. (1897). According to this principle, after a company has been incorporated, it is considered as an artificial person. Therefore, the company is considered to have all the rights and responsibilities that are present in case of a living person. This principle has been widely accepted and applied in the business world in Malaysia. After a company has been incorporated by complying with the procedure prescribed in this regard, a new entity comes into being and it is considered as being a separate legal entity that is different from its members and officers. As a result of this principle, a major difference is present between a company and a partnership. Therefore, a company is treated by the law as being a separate person that is different from its members, or effectively the owners and the directors, who co ntrol the company and manage the business. Being a distinct legal entity, the law permits the company to sue or be sued in its own name. Because of the decision given in Salomon v Salomon (1897), it has been confirmed that after its incorporation, a company has to be treated as a separate legal entity that is different from its members. In this regard, he does not matter if the company has purchased business from its subscribers, and it continued to operate as before, or that the third parties who are dealing with the same persons, and that the same persons have been receiving the profits that is made by the business, while previously in their capacity as partners and now as the members of the company. Section 181(1) Companies Act, 1965: Shares allow voting rights but if a person is not a majority are substantial shareholder, then it is likely that such person may be outvoted regarding a matter that could be crucial for such person. The question may arise if the person can take any action if he or she feels that the directors or the majority shareholders have done something wrong. The general answer to this question is a no. In this regard, it is a rule known as the Foss v Harbottle rule. According to this rule, it has been mentioned that the proper plaintiff regarding a wrong that has been committed against the company is the company itself and not shareholder. Under such a situation, if a person feels that the directors are the majority shareholders of the company have done something wrong, they have committed the wrong against the company and not against the person. Hence, the entity that has the right to take action is the company itself and not the person. However, sometimes the application of this rule may resu lt in certain problems. How can the company take action than the wrongdoers (the majority shareholders) are having control over the company. Certainly they will never allow the company to take action against themselves. Under these circumstances, the question arises, what can be done by a minority shareholder. Conclusion: The answer is provided by section 181 of the Companies Act. It provides the remedy in cases of oppression faced by minority shareholders. However, it needs to be kept in mind that this remedy is not available in each and every case. When a person becomes a member of the company, he should be aware of the fact that he may be outvoted. This is known as the majority rule. It simply means that the will of the majority needs to prevail, as in the case of democracy. Therefore, not every decision can be challenged under this section. Only if there has been some "oppression", this section allows a minority shareholder to challenge the decision. In Re Kong Thai Sawmill (Miri) Sdn Bhd [1978], the court has tried to describe the circumstances that may amount to oppression in terms of the Companies Act. The court stated that only the fact that one or more of the members managing the company have a majority of voting power and, relying on such power they have made policy or executive decisions that are not favorable to the complainant, cannot be described as oppression. The persons having interests in the companies limited by shares are required to accept majority rule (Re Coliseum Stand Car Service Ltd., 1972). Only when the majority rule had crossed over to the role of minority oppression or disregarded their interests, the provisions of section 181 can be invoked. For establishing oppression, there should be some visible leaving of the standards of fair dealing (Ng Chee Keong v Ng Teong Kiat Highlands Plantations Ltd., 1980). Similarly, there should be a breach of the conditions related with fair play that could have been rea sonably expected by the shareholders before making a purchase of oppression. References Aghion, P., Bolton, P and Tirole, J., 2000, Exit options in corporate finance: liquidity versus incentives, Working Paper, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ. Beck, T., Demirguc-Kunt, A., and Maksimovic V., 2004 Financial and Legal Constraints to Firm Growth: Does Size Matter, Journal of Finance, forthcoming. Chia, B., Forum: A turning point in company law, The Edge, Malaysia, July 1622, 2007 Gary M. and Tollison, R.D., 1983, The myth of the corporation as a creation of the state, International Review of Law and Economics 3, 107-120. L.S. Sealy, Foss v. HarbottleA Marathon Where Nobody Wins (1981) 40 C.L.J. 29 Salim, M.R., 2005, Shareholders Rights and Remedies in Malaysia, PhD thesis, Lancaster University Salim, M.R., 2006, Legal Transplantation and Local Knowledge: Corporate Governance in Malaysia, 20 Australian Journal of Corporate Law 55 Case Law Foss v Harbottle (1843) 67 E.R. 189 Ng Chee Keong v Ng Teong Kiat Highlands Plantations Ltd [1980] 1 MLJ 45 Re Coliseum Stand Car Service Ltd [1972] 1 MLJ 109) Re Kong Thai Sawmill (Miri) Sdn Bhd [1978] 2 MLJ 227 Salomon v A Salomon and Co Ltd [1897] AC 22

The mindless worker Essay Example For Students

The mindless worker Essay Thinking it can survive the rapid tides of this worldIt works and works and works until it can work no moreIs it truly happy in its confined walls of its fortressMust it work all the time to feel freedom?I say NOT; take for instance the butterflyThe butterfly is a thirsty brook longing to become a great riverIts tides blow strong so to be free and wild in the dayIts world is gentle and its sneezes are the sameIt does not live in a fortress for a worldHowever, one day the butterfly and the ant join powersOne is to gather a great meal for kingsAnd one is to provide a single moment of joyThe butterfly tells the ant to provide joy, but the ant refuses and leavesThe butterfly cant stand this behavior and calls back the antThe ant explains that he truly does not know what joy isWhen the butterfly hears this, his heart sinks to hell and grows coldThe butterfly feels a great sympathy for the deprived antThe ant lives in an everlasting, inescapable hell fireThe butterfly lives in a heavenly p alaceThe two are night and day!. We will write a custom essay on The mindless worker specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now .. never to be seen togetherThe butterfly flies away looking at the frozen image of the antIt flies closer and closer to the sun.. . until it is never seen againBibliography:

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buy custom Verizon Wireless essay Verizon Wireless is a retail company ranked number 47 in the top hundred retail list. The company is a private entity in telecommunication industry. It provides a range of cell phone services to clients across the world. Verizon Wireless has a wide market and serves customers in many regions in America and other countries. The company merges with small companies in the industry and, when they acquire enough capital, obtains ownership of those companies. In 2010, the company had 108 million subscribers and users of their products and services. The headquarters of the company is in Basking Ridge, New Jersey. It is a joint venture of two companies, which include Verizon Communications in America and Vodafone, which is a mobile network carrier in the United Kingdom. The ownership is 55 % Verizon Communicating and 45 % Vodafone. Stores The company has many stores across the world offering services in different parts of America and United Kingdom. The company has 2330 across the world. It has big stores in America and makes more profit from those stores because they are easier to manage. Currently, the company has 85,000 employees who provide services to all stores across the world. This is an international company, and it has committed and professional employees who constitute management. Most stores operate on the 24/7 basis with e-business being on the rise. Costumers do not have to visit the store physically but simply log in to their accounts at the companys website and demand the product. Internet has made the business to expand since many customers have developed interest in the company because of the simplicity in acquiring the products (Mark, 1995). The company has a strong marketing department which penetrates to all regions of the world. The group has assisted in the growth of the company and has made the company grow and make huge capital. The key people of the company include Dan Mead, the Chief Executive Officer, Andrew Davies, who is the groups Chief Finance Officer, and Marni Walden, the Chief Operation Officer. Those key people assist in management and direct the operation of the company. They have made the company grow due to their outstanding management skills. The headquarters are based at Basking Ridge, NJ, United States and this provides a favorable environment for business. The place has enough security, and this makes the business run for 24 hours a day (John, 2009). Review of 2010 The table below shows sales volume for the year 2009 and 2010. 2010 Sales/ Revenue 2009 Sales/Revenue %Sales Change 2010 Net Income (Profit after Taxes) 2009 Net Income (Profit after Taxes) % Change Net to Income % Net Income to Net Sales 61,510,000 60,100,000 9.8% 3,260,000 2,900,000 4.8% 5.3% Interpretation of the results The evaluation of results shows that the company has improved significantly from 2009 to 2010. It has made a change in sales of 9.8 %. This percentage growth has come up in one year and only few businesses have been capable of such a change. The sales and revenue for year 2009 was $ 61,510,000 and for 2010 was $60,100,000, making up a difference of $1,410,000, or 9.8 %. This sales difference means that the company has grown and improved for one year. The mprovement shows that the company has been using favorable strategies. The net income in 2009 was $2,900,000 and this increased to $3,260,000 in 2010, which makes a difference of $320,000. There is an increase of $360,000 in income from 2009 to 2010. This shows that the company has been growing, because it has an increase in income (John, 2009). Causes of increase The performance of the company has increased from 2009 to date and this has been brought about by the application of a new plan. In 2008, the American economy had deteriorated, and the income was not favorable, because many people across the word could not buy the products. They opted to stay without a phone because they regarded them as expensive. The management had a meeting and laid down the new strategies to cope with the market, and this included manufacturing of all kinds of phones to suit different classes of people. The management team changed and professionals were given the top management positions. The new management laid down new policies and procedure to run the company. The company improved in 2009 and the results followed in 2010 (Mark, 1995). The company started the internet business by encouraging their customers to order products online and pay using plastic cards. This promoted the business world wide because people could get the information they wanted from the Internet. The company improved the marketing positions and advertised its products in social media, like Facebook, Tweeter, and Net Log, among others. This made people across the world familiar with the product and boosted demand. CEO comments about the performance The Companys CEO, Mr. Dan Mead, was encouraged by the results since the company had made a huge profit. He encouraged all the staff to keep up on the work and maintain the same spirit. He thanked the entire community using the products and regarded them as a family. He promoted the employees who had worked hard and brought change in their department. He encouraged all employees and laid down corresponding policy introducing employee discounts for buying the products. Challenges and strategies for 2010 The business has been facing a number of challenges and it has outlined strategies to counter each challenge. The company faces great competition from other companies producing the same products. They lower their prices to make the customers go for their products and disregard Verizons wireless products. The competition is encountered through marketing. The marketing team has new strategies like the use of internet and other media for advertisement. Other people have made products which resemble the companys brand. This makes many customers buy the fake brands without noting, because they resemble each other and they are sold at low prices. The company has provided trademarks which cannot be copied. This was established when the company faced a great challenge by people producing copyright products with their brand (John, 2009). The company has a management team which respects the decisions made and works on improvement of the company. The management ensures that the proposed strategies get in effect immediately. The employees are motivated and this makes them perform better and uphold their honesty. The employees in the company headquarters hold meetings every three months in which they make decisions on what needs to be improved and changed. The company provides after sales services to the customers. Those services include things like discounts, transport, and education on how to use the facilities. The business has been growing faster because the management has done marketing research and come out with new strategies. The business changes accompanied the change in technology, and this has enabled it to have a larger market than the competitors (Mark, 1995). Current information Trend for 2011 The company has managed to get great income for the year 2011. It has grown wide and expanded in market. It provides the services to many countries and it has made outstanding profits, larger than any other year. The net income for 2011 has not been calculated, but is accessed to amount to three billion and twenty six million American dollars. This is the greatest income made in history by the company. The company has employed new strategies for marketing and employed new staffs who have professional background of the positions they are assigned to (Mark, 1995). The company has expanded significantly in 2011, and this made it create more jobs to people. The employees involved in the management have created new strategies to improve the sales and marketing of the company. Currently, it provides a wide range of products which include cell phones, smartphones, Tablets, Mobile Hotspots, USB Modems, Home phone connect, Accessories and Innovation stores. In 2011, it produced new brands which include Apple, Blackberry, Droid, Droid Does, HTC, iPad, iPhone, LG, Motorola, and Samsung. The company made only the brands which have been liked by its customers and this makes it to have large volume of sales. The brands have penetrated to the market and brought about large sales. Those brands are used worldwide. 98% of the countries in the world use the brands listed, and this shows that the company has a worldwide market. In most countries, there are outlets which provide the sales of this company. The headquarters of the company are located in the US, bu t the market has reached 98% of the world countries. Their many retailers who buy and sell the products to their local places, and they have assisted in the growth of the entire business (John, 2009). The company has been opening new branches in each country where they sell the products. The branch acts as the retail and sells the products to other people in the location at a wholesale price. The creation of branches and representatives has promoted the companys business sales, because they have access to sales of their products in each region. The management has provided a label for each brand, and this prevents copyright, because many people and other companies likes to make the duplication of product in order to capture the market of existing company. The stores which do not have great income are assigned new management. The new management brings about new strategies for the running of the business. In the year 2011, the company closed down many stores in Africa due to the insecurity which caused less sales and great losses. Many stores were burned down and products stolen like in Zimbabwe. The business in those places did not stop but was provided through an agent or the inter net. New stores are created in regions where they do not have the services but first marketing is done through the internet and the use of agents. Summary The company has grown in many years, and it has the potential of growing further. This company has invested in many countries and it cannot collapse since it makes a huge capital. In three years time, the company will have market in all countries in the world. It provides new strategies for growth each year and this has enabled it to grow significantly. The company changes strategies and products in respect of the change in technology. Retail business should have strategies and work out a plan which should be set as goals and objectives to attain. The success of retail business is determined by the management. In order to succeed in business, the retail should have qualified and professional people to handle the management of the business. Buy custom Verizon Wireless essay

5 Lessons for Mixing Past and Present Tense

5 Lessons for Mixing Past and Present Tense 5 Lessons for Mixing Past and Present Tense 5 Lessons for Mixing Past and Present Tense By Mark Nichol Writers often fall into a tense trap and don’t even notice. A tense trap is not a trap that makes you tense; it’s when you get stuck in past tense when the phenomena you are describing is perpetual or at least valid to the present moment. Here are some sample tense traps and their simple fixes: 1. â€Å"Bush lost me as a supporter when he said that outsourcing American jobs was a good thing.† This sentence from a newspaper column correctly reports in the past tense at the beginning of the sentence. But Bush likely said something like this: â€Å"Outsourcing American jobs is a good thing.† Even in paraphrase, the writer should retain the present tense: â€Å"Bush lost me as a supporter when he said that outsourcing American jobs is a good thing.† 2. â€Å"The two men chimed right in with their own stories about what wonderful people Jack and Margaret were.† Because this sentence is taken out of context, you have no idea whether Jack and Margaret were still alive at the time they were being discussed. To your credit, though, that thought occurred to you but it didn’t occur to the person who referred to the still-alive-and-kicking couple in the past tense. Unless Jack and Margaret later suffered from a personality disorder that transformed their natures, the writer should have made the observation in the present tense: â€Å"The two men chimed right in with their own stories about what wonderful people Jack and Margaret are.† 3. â€Å"These remarks infuriated French president Jacques Chirac, who declared that his country loved Jews and was not at all anti-Semitic.† Methinks Monsieur is suffering pied-en-bouche disease when he clumsily protests France’s apparently nonabiding affection for Semitic peoples. But it’s not his fault; the paraphrase should support the intent of his sentiment by using the present tense: â€Å"These remarks infuriated French president Jacques Chirac, who declared that his country loves Jews and is not at all anti-Semitic.† 4. â€Å"He wanted to know: Did it really do all the things people said it did?† Assuming you know that the product in question is extant and that its operating features are persistent, reference to it should be in the present tense regardless of the framing tense: â€Å"He wanted to know: Does it really do all the things people say it does?† 5. â€Å"Even when he was young, Dali was fascinated by and disturbed about how ants ate animal carcasses.† Because ants (disregarding the fact that Dali remains neither a youth nor alive) still eat animal carcasses, the verb should appear in the present tense: â€Å"Even when he was young, Dali was fascinated by and disturbed about how ants eat animal carcasses.† But look at this sentence from the same article: â€Å"This experience convinced the late artist that it was useless to represent reality in his painting.† This statement is correct as is. Knowing, as we do, that the artist is no longer alive and that the sentiment refers specifically to him, the point is no longer valid, so past tense here is proper. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Slang Terms for MoneyCapitalization Rules for the Names of GamesA "Diploma" is not a "Degree"

Integrated Marketing Communications Assignment 2

Integrated Marketing Communications 2 - Assignment Example First class passengers are served breakfast along with afternoon and evening meals. There is an onboard shop serving a range of alcoholic, cold and hot beverages. The train service has been identified in various industry awards. In the year 2010, it was awarded as Year’s Best Rail Operator at Travel Globe Awards. It is also known as one of the most preferred domestic passenger service in the United Kingdom. The trains are known to be environmental friendly as their carbon dioxide emission is 78% less than average domestic flights and 76 % less than cars (Virgin Trains, 2013b). Integrated Marketing communication Integrated marketing communication has become as a major phenomenon since early 1990s. Corporate and marketing communications are few of the critical persuasive factors used by organizations for market connection (Constantinides, 2006). The objective is to deliver certain perception of products, services and brands to consumers, customers and stakeholders. As a result o f the increasing variety of promotional and communication tools, modern day channels are able to disseminate messages in wide forms. According to Kliatchko (2008), â€Å"integrated marketing communication is audience-driven business process of strategically managing stakeholders, content, channels, and results of brand communication programs.† Marketing communication planning or mix can be characterized in the form of its communication strategies in the market. The various ways through which an organization communicates to its market are advertising, sales promotions, personal selling, direct marketing and public relations (Gronroos, 1994; Ferdous, 2008). Advertising Advertising can be described as a non-personal strategy for mass communication offering great level of command for people responsible for design, manufacturing and delivering of advertising messages (Fill, 2006). This message is transmitted in a particular style and manner which best suits the customer as well as management’s requirements. Regular usage of advertising is critical for creation and maintenance of brand personality, especially when it is integrated with other elements of the mix. It is a dominant form of advertising communication for many firms (Panda, 2003). In any case, advertising needs a carrier so that message can be delivered to the desired receiver (Pelsmacker, 2001). Sales promotions Sales promotion is used for delivering the action plans. Sales promotion and advertising harmonize each other as promotion is short term to generate sales and advertising is for long term awareness and relationship building. Sales promotion is also a non-personal form of marketing communication targeting a smaller audience. The techniques include offering better offers and adding value with the objective of future sales. Various presentation kits such as, catalogues, selling aids and brochures, are used for sales staff. Financial mechanisms such as, promotional pricing and incentive s, are used as a push strategy by companies (Young and Aitken, 2007). Public relations Public relations can describe as relationship management between an organization and its various stakeholders. It is an attempt to establish and preserve shared understanding, good relationships and goodwill with the secondary targets,

ELEMENTS OF COMMERCIAL & CONSUMER LAW Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

ELEMENTS OF COMMERCIAL & CONSUMER LAW - Essay Example Therefore, responsive regulation prescribes how best regulatory enforcement can promote compliance. Responsive regulation provides a chance for the regulator to understand the intricacies between state regulation and private regulations. This is because the regulator steps aside only to become involved if need be. Good regulation however has to realize the important role played by both self regulation and state regulation and offer room for both2 . Hence formal law ought to incorporate the best commercial practices and serve to entrench those practices. This is what responsive regulation seeks to achieve. Formal law should serve as a basis for the industry to self regulate. Business communities ought to formulate law for themselves with the courts checking how businesses use those laws. A good policy needs not force the businesses choose between self regulation and government regulation. This is because it is possible to have the best of both3. Good policy has to do with understanding self regulation and how it relates to government regulation. Hence laws that regulate businesses have to be developed and implemented with the involvement of the affected businesses. Other than the government designing policies for the businesses it has been found out that, better policies are arrived at when both the government and the private sector participate. Responsive regulation advocates that the regulator responds to the structure of the industry being regulated. This means that different structures in the industry will be subjected to different degrees of regulation4. This is because different levels of the industry have different motivations hence deserve slightly different degrees of regulation. Regulation from the government should take into account the diverse objectives of the businesses under regulation. This is because regulations can not only affect the structure of the regulated businesses

Trench Life During World War One Essay Example for Free

Trench Life During World War One Essay The life of a soldier in the trenches during World War I was unimaginable to the people back home in Canada. Soldiers carried out their duty to their country in the most horrifying conditions. The trenches were rivers of mud and blood, food rations were very basic and designed only to keep the soldiers alive, hygiene was non-existent, and military direction was poor as these men fought for their country. Constant shelling and gas attacks made many soldiers feel that death was imminent and a great deal of men suffered from mental breakdowns due to the war. During World War I soldiers spent most of their time involved in trench warfare. A typical day in the trenches began at night when the sentry was relieved and replaced. This individual was responsible for watching No Mans Land and reporting changes to the man sitting with him. The companion of the sentry would then inform the platoon officer about changes in No Mans Land. Men in the trenches at night sat around telling stories, smoking cigarettes, and writing home. It was too uncomfortable and crowded to sleep wearing all their ammunition and clothes. When a soldier did doze off he was likely to awake startled as a rat passed over his face. When morning finally came rum was issued and then breakfast was served. The soldiers would try and sleep in the morning and then have dinner at 12:30pm. Four oclock was teatime and then it was night again. The days of the soldiers were filled with idleness if the men were not involved in combat. Every four days the soldiers were relieved from the trenches and sent to billets for four days of rest. A typical day in the billets would see the soldiers getting up at six oclock, washing, taking part in roll call and inspection, having breakfast, and then participating in drills with the company at 8:45am. At around 11:30am the soldiers were dismissed, had dinner, and were then on their own for the rest of the day if they had not signed up for a digging or working party. During the soldiers four days of rest they were sometimes ordered to visit the Divisional Baths. The Divisional Baths contained a bathroom with 15 tubs (barrels sawed in half) half-filled with water and containing a piece of laundry soap. The men were told they had twelve minutes to take their baths and then the water would be turned off even if the men were still soapy. After their baths the  soldiers were treated to clean underwear and sent back to the billets. The conditions that the soldiers had to deal with while living in either the trenches or billets were inhuman. Men in the trenches were surrounded by the horrific smell of death. Soldiers killed in the trenches would lie unburied for months and when they were eventually buried they had hardly enough earth over them to conceal their clothes. In some cases the dead were only covered by chloride of lime or became unearthed by shells. There were so many dead soldiers that eventually collection points were set up to collect the bodies. Wounded men in the trenches were given little time to recover and were then sent back to the front lines. Shelter from gunfire was hard to find. Sometimes the soldiers hid in holes with no overhead cover and when it rained the holes would fill up and the men would be flooded out. Even the trenches were waste deep in mud when it rained hard. The rain soaked everything including their clothes and their rations. Rats constantly scurried through the trenches an d lice plagued the soldiers. The soldiers equipment was heavy and poorly made. An ordinary pack was heavy to start with and even heavier when the soldiers were told to pack machine guns and ammunition. Bad shoes gave a lot of soldiers painful blisters. Their boots were so badly made that their toes stuck out and the holes had to be patched up with newspaper or cardboard. Moving from one area of engagement to another was very difficult. This was usually done at night and many soldiers got lost in the dark trying to relieve other soldiers. Moving to another trench was also life threatening due to the constant shelling. Sometimes the soldiers traveled from one place to another by train. Box cars, that had never been cleaned and had little protection from the elements, transported the soldiers for up to twelve hours. It was a very uncomfortable journey and the soldiers ended up stiff and wet. Nights in the trenches were spent repairing damaged trenches with barbed wire, filling sandbags, and digging new trenches, instead of sleeping. Soldiers were also sent out into No Mans Land, crawling about on their  hand and knees, to find out information about the enemies military plans. It was too cold for the soldiers to sleep with no blankets and they could not even try to keep warm by exercising. Exercising would have the soldiers moving around too much, making them targets for the enemy. When the men did try to sleep they often froze. Even though the soldiers were supposed to only spend four days at a time in the trenches it often ended up being longer. In fierce battles the men were sometimes in the trenches for up to twenty days with practically no food or water, and very little sleep. When the soldiers came out of the trenches they were enclosed in a practically bullet-proof casing of mud. The men then had to march from the trenches to the billets and were often shot down on their way. Life in the billets was not really much of a rest. Cleaning muddy clothes for inspection was not easy and in the evening the soldiers had to carry rations or mail up to the trenches. The men also helped the cook chop wood or helped the quartermaster draw coal. The billets were better then the trenches but still far from being luxurious. An old stable previously occupied by cows or tents with no floorboards usually served as shelter. These tents got very wet when it rained, making it difficult to get a decent comfortable sleep, and were very crowded. The camps were very untidy and littered with refuse. Food supplied to the soldiers was very basic. Rations were brought up to the trenches every night. These rations included all the bully beef a soldier could eat, biscuits, cheese, tinned butter (seventeen men to a tin), jam or marmalade, bread (ten men to a loaf), tea and stew when possible. Sometimes the soldiers made Trench pudding consisting of broken biscuits, condensed milk, jam, and water flavored with mud. This concoction was cooked over a spirit stove in a canteen until it became the consistency of glue. Soldiers also received parcels of foodstuffs, cigarettes, [and] candy from back home to add to their menu. In the trenches each soldier also carried emergency rations in case they were cut off from supplies. These rations included one tin of bully beef, four biscuits, and a tin containing tea, sugar, and oxo cubes. Rations issued while soldiers where stationed in the billets were a little bit better. Rations for nineteen men for one day would include six loaves of bread (loaves were of different sizes and usually at least one was flattened, possibly caused by someone putting a can of bully beef on top of it during transport), three tins of jam (one apple, two plum), seventeen Bermuda onions, a piece of cheese in the shape of a wedge, two one pound tins of butter, a handful of raisins, a tin of biscuits, and a bottle of mustard pickles. In the billets the soldiers also received spuds, condensed milk, fresh meat, bacon, Maconochie Rations (can filled with meat, vegetables and greasy water), tea, sugar, salt, pepper, and flour. Out of these rations three men shared one loaf of bread, seven to twelve men shared one tin of jam, nine soldiers shared a pound of butter, and each man got an onion and a small portion of cheese. The bottle of pickles was usually drawn for; everyone put their name in a hat and the last name left in the hat got the pickles. The soldiers were also issued between twenty and forty cigarettes every Sunday morning and paid twenty-four cents a day. This money was spent on fresh eggs, milk, bread, pastry, and an occasional tin of pears or apricots. Constant shelling at the front was one of the most difficult things for a soldier to endure. Shelling was especially dangerous during the winter when the ground was frozen. The shell[s] [would burst] on impact and the bits [went] out sideways and [were] very dangerous over a radius of a hundred yards or so. When it was muddy the shells would penetrate into the mud a ways before exploding, therefore they were not as dangerous. There was a constant threat from the shrapnel of shells that exploded very close to the soldiers. Flying shrapnel commonly killed wounded men carried out on stretchers. Attacks on the enemy were almost always preceded by artillery bombardments to try and get more soldiers out of the trenches and over onto the enemys side. Millions of shells were fired each day with thirty percent of the shells failing to explode due to poor manufacturing. About one out of every ten shells contained poisonous gas. Shells damaged wells, decreasing the amount of fresh water available to the soldiers, and partially buried people without killing them. Soldiers throwing bombs often held them for too  long, before throwing them, to make sure the bombs were not thrown back by the enemy. This led to many soldiers losing arms, hands or even being killed altogether. Shell shock was one of the most common ailments to affect soldiers during the war. For every one thousand men with physical wounds ËÅ"combat stress affected a further two hundred. Ninety-eight percent of fighting men cracked after thirty-five days of active front line fighting. Only two percent of soldiers enjoyed battle and did not crack; doctors considered these people to be aggressive psychopaths. Many men found it very difficult to bring themselves to fire a gun even when being fired upon. A lot of soldiers became sick to their stomach, felt faint, and lost control of their bowels in battle. Men sent to the base suffering from battle fatigue were often sent back to the front lines, by doctors who said they were fine. One example of this is a man who was mentally and physically unfit to be a soldier. He was just like an animal and had not even got the sense to take his trousers down when he needed to relieve himself. This particular man was sent down as mentally deficient three times and sent back to the front lines three times. Eventually he became so unstable that he killed himself. Many soldiers also died due to extreme exhaustion caused by lack of sleep and proper food. Going over the top and into No Mans Land was something every soldier dreaded. Before this event occurred, many men made out their wills or wrote letters home. If the letters reached their destination then that meant the writer had been killed. It was a nerve-racking wait for the bombardment to end so that the soldiers could run to their death. The shelling was so loud the soldiers had to yell [orders] using [their] hands as a funnel into the ear of the man sitting next to them. The soldiers went up scaling ladders, or Ladders of Death as they were called, and tried to make their way as fast as they could over the to the enemy trenches, while the enemy fired upon them. The whole situation was futile, as men running towards guns will surely die. Gas attacks were a common occurrence in the front lines. When a gas attack  was announced the soldiers only had between eighteen and twenty seconds to put on their masks and try to save themselves. The gas helmets carried by the soldiers were made of cloth treated with chemicals, had two glass windows to see through, and a rubber-covered tube on the inside through which the soldier exhaled (the tube was constructed so that the user could not inhale through it). The soldier inhaled through the nose and the gas filled air passed through the cloth helmet and was neutralized. Each soldier had to carry two of these helmets in a waterproof bag at all times in case one of them did not work. These helmets often gave the soldiers headaches and were only good for five hours of the strongest gas. When a gas attack did occur the gas quickly filled the trenches and lurked around for two or three days until the air [was] purified by means of large chemical sprayers. Animals suffered the most as they had no masks and had very little chance of outrunning a gas cloud. The soldiers in the front lines also had to deal with poor military planning. Few preparations were done before a battle and artillery bombardments were poorly planned. Orders were not promptly given to fill in the gaps of attack lines when men were killed and hundreds of thousands of lives were lost to capture a few square miles of mud. Weapons supplied to the soldiers were of poor quality and sometimes ended up killing the user. Orders were often given to retreat and hundreds of soldiers were left out in No Mans Land wounded. These wounded would try to crawl back to the trenches at night or be taken prisoner. Officers led men through shelling, causing casualties and deaths, instead of waiting for the shelling to stop and then continuing on. Officers also often got shot while guiding troops to their new location and then the soldiers were left to fend for themselves. Army discipline during the war was very strict. The punishments ranged from death to humiliation. The worst punishment was death by a firing squad. This punishment was given for desertion, cowardice, mutiny, giving information to the enemy, destroying or willfully wasting ammunition, looting, rape, and robbing the dead. If a man was executed the event was covered up and in the public casualty list their name would have ËÅ"Accidentally Killed or ËÅ"Died written beside it. Where there [was] a doubt as to the willful  guilt of a man who [had] committed an offence punishable by death the individual was given sixty-four days in the front line trench without relief. There were also several other punishments given to soldiers depending on the severity of the crime they committed. Field Punishment #1 included the soldier being attached spread [eagle to] a limber wheel, two hours a day for twenty-one days. During this time the soldier was only given water, bully beef, and biscuits for food. Field Punishment #2 confined the soldier in the ËÅ"Clink with no blankets. The soldier would be punished for twenty-four hours or twenty days with only water, bully beef, and biscuits as rations. Pack Drill was when a soldier was subjected to drilling for two hours wearing full equipment. The men tried to get away with filling their packs with straw, to make them lighter, but usually got caught and were then sentenced to the limber wheel. Confined to Barracks was when a soldier had to stay in his billet from twenty-four hours to seven days as punishment. The life of a soldier during the First World War was cruel and inhuman. The men lived in trenches drowned in mud, surrounded by rats and bodies, and infested with lice. The food supplied to them was barely palatable and the military command in charge was not always well informed. Death surrounded the soldiers as they were constantly fired upon and subject to frequent gas attacks. Although these men were fighting for their country, the high loss of life was hardly worth it.

The Pros and Cons of Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) Essay example --

Electroconvulsive therapy, also known as ECT, is a medical procedure that is used in the treatment of mental illness. In ECT, a small electrical impulse is sent through the brain, resulting in an ephemeral seizure. Though the process is generally effective, modern science is unaware of the explanation behind ECT's success. Its history is filled with a large amount of stigma and the use of ECT as a therapy is still debated today. ECT has evolved to a point where its beneficial effects can be maximized and its adverse effects can be minimized through proper administration. The ancient Romans were the first to use electricity to treat disease several thousand years ago; however, â€Å"electrical medicine† has improved and has been utilized in the forms predating ECT in a relatively short amount of time. In the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries, doctors began to notice that giving people camphor could â€Å"cure lunacy† (Abrams, 2002). The doctors noticed that when administering camphor orally, it caused seizures, and upon waking up, were â€Å"in a rational state† (Abrams, 2002). In fact, in 1798, a German scientist reported that 80% of manic patients that were treated with camphor and had seizures, were cured (Abrams, 2002). As medical and technological advances occurred, so did the use of inducing a seizure to cure mental illness. In 1934, a scientist was able to bring a schizophrenic patient, who had been on a hunger strike and had not moved in four years, to recovery through a seizure that had been brought on by camphor (Abrams, 2 002). And, â€Å"thus, convulsive therapy was born† (Abrams, 2002). By the end of the year, this scientist published results of the same action given to twenty-six schizophrenics, ten patients were cured, thirteen had no re... ...ll be given. Even as ECT's use fades out, the impacts of the research will lead to necessary, and important, scientific findings. Works Cited Abrams, Richard. Electroconvulsive Therapy. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2002. Print. Dahl, Melissa. "Shock Therapy Makes a Quiet Comeback." Msnbc.com. 6 Aug. 2008. Web. "Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) Benefits & Side Effects." WebMD. 1 Mar. 2010. Web. 13 Nov. 2014. Fitzgerald, Paul. "It's Time to Move on from ECT's Shocking past." The Conversation: In-depth Analysis, Research, News and Ideas from Leading Academics and Researchers. 29 Sept. 2011. Web. 8 Nov. 2014. Staff, Mayo Clinic. "Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)." Mayo Clinic. 9 July 2010. Web. 10 Nov. 2014. "Use of Electroconvulsive Therapy During Pregnancy -- Miller 45 (5): 444 -- Hosp Community Psychiatry." Psychiatric Services. May 1991. Web. 8 Nov. 2014.

Plato, Descartes, and The Matrix Essay

The Matrix movie had many similarities with the readings from Plato and Descartes. All three discussed the scenario in which reality was discovered to be a non-reality. Specifically, in The Matrix, reality that was experienced by multitudes of people is actually a computer simulation called â€Å"The Matrix†. This is actually a deviation from the Plato and Descartes readings in that computers were not mentioned or available at the time of those writings. Plato (380 BC) speaks of people having their â€Å"legs and necks fettered from childhood†, while a source of the restraint is not specifically mentioned, it is most certainly a physical restraint as opposed to the material, computer generated reality as described in The Matrix movie. Descartes was the only one of the three situations that contemplated God in the various reality verses truth contemplations. Plato speaks to the initial shock of discovering that known reality is actually a lie and goes on to speak of the resulting repercussions of this discovery. The denial of the true reality is so tangible that the people in the described scenario would rather believe that the lie was real than to believe and accept what they were actually experiencing. In The Matrix movie (1999) Morpheus asks â€Å"Have you ever had a dream, Neo, that you were so sure was real?† Similarly, Descartes (1641) also contemplates how often he dreamt that he was in familiar circumstances, dressed and by a fire, only to realize that he was undressed and lying in bed. Plato, Descartes, and The Matrix are all similar in that they consider people living in a world that they discover is not real and that they exist in perceived delusions that produce resulting anti-realities. The Matrix movie is parallel to the Descartes reading in that they both examine our senses as sources of realities. Descartes contemplates how our senses occasionally mislead us  whereas The Matrix describes a continual sensual overhaul which is controlling our mind and ultimate realities while our bodies lay dormant. In The Matrix movie Neo never expresses happiness over his liberation from the computer program but he does feel the need to liberate those still living under the control of the computer program. In contrast, the Plato reading describes and expresses a feeling of joy that would be experienced after emerging from the controlled reality. Can we prove the world we are experiencing is real? In order to contemplate how we know that our current state of being is real we must first decide what â€Å"real† is to us. What is reality? In my opinion, reality is what we see, hear, smell, feel and taste in the present. Reality is what is occurring to us right now, this very second. Is what is happening to us, the world we are experiencing, real and can we prove that it is real? How do we know we are not dreaming? It has been my experience that dreams do not produce anything but thoughts and visions. I do not feel, taste or smell while dreaming. Therefore I can prove that the world I am currently experiencing, while I type this essay, is real because I can feel the keyboard that I am typing on and I can taste and smell the coffee that I am drinking. Which is better: the harshness of reality or the â€Å"ignorance is bliss† of illusion? In my opinion, the harshness of reality is a far better state than the â€Å"ignorance is bliss† illusion. I believe this to be true because I believe that true depth of character cannot be achieved without experiencing the full harshness of reality. How can our intellects and philosophies be explored without experiencing the full range of life events? If you lived your life in ignorance then the world you experienced would skew the thoughts you pondered while excluding the full range of contemplations, restricting them to a bliss-filled reality. With intelligence comes a plethora of knowledge, both good and bad. Conclusion In conclusion, through the viewing of The Matrix and the reading of both Plato and Descartes, we can see that all three bring to mind many philosophical questions related to actual and perceived reality. Obviously, it is very fascinating to imagine a world where alternative and controlled  realities are possible and even very real. The truth is sometimes stranger than fiction and, in my opinion, The Matrix and the thoughts contemplated by Plato and Descartes are just stories that will never be reality. I believe that my Christian worldview is such that would prevent me from ever believing any different. While all of the situations explored were interesting, they will remain, in my mind, fantasies. References Plato. (380 BC). â€Å"The Allegory of the Cave.† In The Republic (Book VII, 514A1 – 518D8). Descartes, R. (1641). Meditation I of The Things of Which We May Doubt. In Meditations on First Philosophy. Wachowski, Andy, and Lana Wachowski. The Matrix. Directed by Andy Wachowski and Lana Wachowski. Los Angeles: Warner Bros. Pictures, 1999.

Puritanism in American Literature

Puritanism in American Literature The Puritans had a large influence in American literature and still influence moral judgment and religious beliefs in the United States to this day. Puritan writing was used to glorify God and to relate God more directly to our world. Puritan literature was commonly a realistic approach to life. â€Å"Puritanism as a historical phenomenon and as a living presence in American life has enriched American literature in ways far too numerous to detail here. † (G. Perkins B. Perkins Phillip Leininger 888) Puritanism is a collection of many different religious and political beliefs. Common styles of Puritan writing are protestant, Calvinist, purposiveness, and the writings also directly reflected the character of the readers who were literate and strongly religious. Pragmaticism and both political and religious Idealism are frequently themes in Puritan literature. Puritanism thus laid the basis for Americanism. It did so on the basis not of philosophical or legal argument, but of Christian belief based on the Bible. Gelernter 25)The Calvinist ideology, which was popular in Puritanism was based off of the Five Points, which are total depravity, unconditional election, limited atonement, irresistible grace, and the perseverance of the â€Å"saints. † Total depravity is the idea that all humans are born sinful. Unconditional election means that God chooses who he wants to save and also contains the concept of predestination, which is an ideology that God damns certain individuals for the salvation of others. This also ties in with limited atonement, the ideology that Jesus only died for a selected group of individuals, not for everyone. The ideology of irresistible grace is that â€Å"the saving and transfiguring power of God,† cannot be either earned or denied. Perseverance of the â€Å"saints† is the ideological belief that elected individuals have the power to interpret the will of God and to live in an upright fashion. The Puritans had secular concerns as well as religious. Puritans believed in working hard, and doing selfless things to help others. Puritans also believed in typology, the belief that God's intentions are present in human action and in natural phenomenon. Failures to understand these intentions are human limitations. (â€Å"American Puritanism: A Brief Introduction†) In 1620, William Bradford formed the Plymouth Plantation with a group of Europeans that came with him to America. In only a year, their number of survivors decreased by half. Bradford kept a journal that chronicled the first 30 years of Plymouth Colony. Plain speech was the high literary value of this society, as expressed by William Bradford, who enjoined â€Å"a plain style, with singular regard to the simple truth in all things. (â€Å"The Influence of Puritanism on American Literature†) In this journal, he exhibited diplomacy and integrity, the ability to assure the colony’s survival, and made a contribution in avoiding potential disasters. His principles established religious freedom and self-government that later shaped American colonial government. John Winthrop wrote A Modell of Christian Charity either before he crossed into America in 1630 or along his journey to the New World. In this book, the struggles that were to be faced in the New World are discussed along with Winthrop’s ideas and plan’s to overcome them. Winthrop was considered to be a contributor to the concept of American exceptionalism, the idea that the New World is unique to other countries by ideology based on laissez-faire and egalitarianism along with liberty. Winthrop has also portrayed that Puritans were neither visionaries nor self-conscious heroes. They were a part of society that believed in solid work such as building homes, trading, farming, and government. Anne Bradstreet was unique to authors of her time because her work had literary creativity and artistic merit and was written for literature. In contrast, works of Winthrop and Bradford were written for historical purposes and to express their positions and political beliefs on certain positions. In England in 1650, some of Bradstreet's poems compiled together by her brother-in-law who named them The Tenth Muse. The first of these poems was the Four Elements, which are fire, water, earth, and air. The Constitutions were the four temperaments of man kind as they were seen by medieval and Renaissance physiology, choleric, melancholic, phlegmatic, and sanguine. The four Ages of Man, which are child, teen, adult, and elder as Seasons of the Year which are Fall, Spring, Summer and Winter were described and explained. Bradstreet was better with her knowledge of literature rather than her own personal opinions directly. In some poems, Bradstreet displays deep affections of the patriarchal Puritan household and a sensuous response to nature. Bradstreet’s literature showed both sides of the spectrum by upholding puritan beliefs as well as creating artistic merit. The American writings of the seventeenth century possess as a whole no great artistic merit. They are valuable chiefly as a study in origins and as a complex mirror of early American experience. The world that they reflect is that of the Renaissance and Reformation, of Raleigh and Calvin and Cromwell, modified by its contact with the American wilderness. (â€Å"American Literature Lectures, Part I†) They are valuable in the sense as it is a study in origins of popular religious and political ideology of the early American experience that helped shape present day America. This experience was one that reflected the Renaissance and Reformation of individuals such as Calvin and Bradstreet. The branch of Reformation in Puritan ideology was one of the main topics of early American literature. In this Puritan literature, the mind of the a Puritan is shown through its consciousness of sin, Calvinistic beliefs, superstitions, contradicting beliefs of orthodoxy and nonconformity, and its preference to moral value over aesthetic value. Puritan tradition was a major influence in our nations government through establishments of principles such as the relationship between church and state and government’s popular sovereignty. Puritanism has contributed to the way our day-to-day lives are carried on. It has also contributed the way literature has transformed over the years. Many political and religious ideologies from Puritan literature are still upheld today. Works Cited Gelernter, David. â€Å"Puritanism lives. † The American Enterprise17. 4 (2006): 25+. Student Edition. Web. 18 Dec. 2011. â€Å"Puritans and Puritanism. † Benet's Reader's Encyclopedia of American Literature. George B. Perkins, Barbara Perkins, and Phillip Leininger. Vol. 1. New York: HarperCollins, 1991. 888. Student Edition. Web. 18 Dec. 2011. â€Å"PAL: American Puritanism: A Brief Introduction. † California State University Stanislaus | Home. N. p. , n. d. Web. 18 Dec. 2011. . Renaissance, the, the Reformation. â€Å"American Literature Lectures, Part I. † Texas. Net Lonestar. N. p. , n. d. Web. 18 Dec. 2011. < http://lonestar. texas. net/~mseifert/amlit1. html> Signet, Theodore Dreiser. New York:, and 1964. 815-28.. â€Å"The Influence of Puritanism on American Literature :: The Compulsive Reader :: A Haven for Book Lovers. † Compulsive Reader. N. p. , n. d. Web. 18 Dec. 2011. .

Ix Chel - Mayan Goddess(es) of Fertility and Death

Ix Chel - Mayan Goddess(es) of Fertility and Death Ix Chel (sometimes spelled Ixchel) is, according to longstanding archaeological tradition, the Mayan moon goddess, one of the most important and ancient of Maya deities, connected to fertility and procreation. Her name Ix Chel has been translated as â€Å"Lady Rainbow† or as â€Å"She of the Pale Face,† an allusion to the moons surface. Fast Facts: Ix Chel Known For: Goddess of the Moon, fertility, physical love, weaving.Religion: Classic and Late Post Classic period Maya.  Also Known As: Lady Rainbow, She of the Pale Face, Goddess I, and Goddess O.  Appearance: Two aspects: a young, sensual woman and an old crone.  Shrines: Cozumel and Isla Mujeres, Mexico.Appearances: Madrid and Dresden codexes. According to Spanish colonial records, the Maya thought the moon goddess wandered the sky, and when she wasnt in the sky she was said to live in the cenotes (natural sinkholes filled with water). When the waning moon appeared again in the east, people made pilgrimages to the Ix Chel shrine on Cozumel. In the traditional pantheon of Maya gods and goddesses, Ix Chel has two aspects, that of a young sensual woman and an aged crone. However, that pantheon was built by archaeologists and historians based on a wide variety of sources, including iconography, oral history, and historical records. Over the decades of research, Mayanists have often debated whether they have incorrectly combined two female deities (Goddess I and Goddess O)  into one Moon Goddess. Goddess I The primary aspect of Goddess I is as a youthful wife, beautiful and downright sexy, and she is occasionally associated with references to the lunar crescent and rabbits, a pan-Mesoamerican reference to the moon. (In fact, many cultures see a rabbit in the moons face, but thats another story). She often appears with a beak-like appendage protruding from her upper lip. Goddess I is known as Ixik Kab (Lady Earth) or Ixik Uh (Lady Moon) in the Maya books known as the Madrid and Dresden codices,  and in the Madrid codex she appears as both a young and aged version. Goddess I presides over marriage, human fertility and physical love. Her other names include Ix Kanab (Child of Lady of the Seas) and Ix Tan Dzonot (Child of She in the Middle of the Cenote). Ixik Kab is associated with weaving in the post-classic period, and the aged form of Ixik Kab is often shown weaving and/or wearing a pair of horn-like elements on her head which likely represent spindles. Goddess O Goddess O, on the other hand, is a powerful aged woman identified not just with birth and creation but with death and world destruction. If these are different goddesses and not aspects of the same goddess, Goddess O is most likely to be the Ix Chel of the ethnographic reports. Goddess O is married to Itzamna and thus is one of the two creator gods of Maya origin myths. Goddess O has a raft of phonetic names including Chac Chel (Red Rainbow or Great End). Goddess O is depicted with a red body, and sometimes with feline aspects such as jaguar claws and fangs; sometimes she wears a skirt marked with crossed bones and other death symbols. She is closely identified with the Mayan rain god Chaac (God B) and often seen illustrated with pouring water or flood images. The fact that Goddess Os name means both rainbows and destruction may come as a surprise, but unlike in our Western society rainbows are not good omens for the Maya but are bad ones, the flatulence of the demons which arise from dry wells. Chac Chel is associated with weaving, cloth production, and spiders; with water, curing, divination, and destruction; and with making children and childbirth. Four Goddesses? The Moon Goddess of the Maya mythology may actually have many more aspects. The earliest Spanish travelers in the early 16th century recognized that there was a flourishing religious practice among the Maya dedicated to aixchel or yschel. The local men denied knowing the meaning of the goddess; but she was a deity of the Chontal, Manche Chol, Yucatec, and Pocomchi groups in the early colonial period. Ix Chel was one of four related goddesses worshiped on the islands of Cozumel and Isla de Mujeres: Ix Chel, Ix Chebal Yax, Ix Hunie, and Ix Hunieta. Mayan women made pilgrimages to their temples on the island of Cozumel and placed her idols underneath their beds, asking for help. The Oracle of Ix Chel According to several historical records, during the Spanish colonial period, there was a life-sized ceramic statue known as the Oracle of Ix Chel located on Cozumel Island. The oracle at Cozumel is said to have been consulted during the foundation of new settlements and in times of warfare. Pilgrims were said to have followed sacbe (the prepared Maya causeways) from as far away as Tabasco, Xicalango, Champoton, and Campeche to venerate the goddess. The Mayan pilgrimage route crossed the Yucatan from west to east, mirroring the pathway of the moon through the sky. Colonial dictionaries report that the pilgrims were known as hula and the priests were Aj Kin. The Aj Kin posed the pilgrims questions to the statue and, in exchange for offerings of copal incense, fruit, and bird and dog sacrifices, reported the answers in the voice of the oracle. Francisco de Lopez de Gomara (Hernan Cortes chaplain) described the shrine on Cozumel island as a square tower, wide at the base and stepped all around. The upper half was erect and at the top was a niche with a thatched roof and four openings or windows. Inside this space was a large, hollow, kiln-fired clay image fastened to the wall with lime plaster: this was the image of the moon goddess Ix Chel. Finding the Oracle There are several temples located near the cenotes at the Maya sites of San Gervasio, Miramar, and El Caracol on Cozumel Island. One which has been identified as a plausible location for the oracle-shrine is the Kana Nah or High House at San Gervasio. San Gervasio was an administrative and ceremonial center on Cozumel, and it had three complexes of five groups of buildings all connected by sacbe. Kana Nah (Structure C22-41) was part of one of those complexes, consisting of a small pyramid, five meters (16 feet) in height with a square plan of four stepped tiers and a main stairway bordered by a railing. Mexican archaeologist Jesus Galindo Trejo argues that the Kana Nah pyramid appears to be aligned with the major lunar standstill when the moon sets at its extreme point on the horizon. The connection of C22-41 as a contender for the Ixchel Oracle was first put forward by American archaeologists David Freidel and Jeremy Sabloff in 1984. So, Who Was Ix Chel? American archaeologist Traci Ardren (2015) has argued that the identification of Ix Chel as a single moon goddess combining female sexuality and traditional gender roles of fertility comes straight from the minds of the earliest scholars studying her. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, says Ardren, male western scholars brought their own biases about women and their roles in society into their theories about Maya myths. These days, Ix Chels reputed fertility and beauty have been appropriated by several non-specialists, commercial properties, and new age religions, but as Ardren quotes Stephanie Moser, it is dangerous for archaeologists to assume we are the only people who can create meaning out of the past. Selected Sources Ardren, Traci. Mending the Past: Ix Chel and the Invention of a Modern Pop Goddess. Antiquity 80.307 (2015): 25–37. Print.Boskovic, Aleksandar. The Meaning of Maya Myths. Anthropos 84.1/3 (1989): 203–12. Print.Colas, Pierre Robert, Katja Christiane  Stengert, and Urlich Wolfel. The Mapping of Ix Chel: A Terminal Classic Secondary Maya Site on the Northern Vaca Plateau, Belize, Central America. Northern Vaca Plateau Geoarchaeology Project, 2006. Print.Galindo Trejo, Jesus. Calendric-Astronomical Alignment of Architectural Structures in Mesoamerica: An Ancestral Cultural Practice. The Role of Archaeoastronomy in the Maya World: The Case Study of the Island of Cozumel. Eds. Sanz, Nuria, et al. Paris, France: UNESCO, 2016. 21–36. Print.Iwaniszewski, Stanislaw. Time and the Moon in Maya Culture: The Case of Cozumel. The Role of Archaeoastronomy in the Maya World: The Case Study of the Island of Cozumel. Eds. Sanz, Nuria, et al. Paris, France: UNESCO, 2016. 39 œ55. Print.Polk, Jason S., Philip E. van Beynen, and Philip P. Reeder. Late Holocene Environmental Reconstruction Using Cave Sediments from Belize. Quaternary Research 68.1 (2007): 53–63. Print. Ã…  prajc, Ivan. Archaeological Sites on the Island of Cozumel: The Role of Astronomy in Architectural and Urban Planning. The Role of Archaeoastronomy in the Maya World: The Case Study of the Island of Cozumel. Eds. Sanz, Nuria, et al. Paris, France: UNESCO, 2016. 57–83. Print.

University of Nebraska at Omaha Admissions Data

University of Nebraska at Omaha Admissions Data University of Nebraska at Omaha Description: A metropolitan research institution, the University of Nebraska at Omaha is located in Omaha, Nebraska, and is a member of the University of Nebraska system. The University takes pride in both its graduate and undergraduate programs, and it is home to one of the finest computer science and engineering facilities in the area. Academics are supported by a 19 to 1 student / faculty ratio. With the growth of the universitys residential population, student life has likewise grown and now includes a radio station and several fraternities and sororities. On the athletic front, UNO is currently transitioning into the NCAA Division I Summit League. The universitys mens ice hockey team already competes in the Division I Western Collegiate Hockey Association. Admissions Data (2016): University of Nebraska Omaha Acceptance Rate: 86%Test Scores 25th / 75th PercentileSAT Critical Reading: 460  / 590SAT Math: 470  / 620SAT Writing: - / -What these SAT numbers meanACT Composite: 19 / 26ACT English: 18  / 26ACT Math: 17 / 25ACT Writing: - / -What these ACT numbers mean Enrollment (2016): Total Enrollment: 15,627  (12,536 undergraduate)Gender Breakdown: 48% Male / 52% Female79% Full-time Costs (2016- 17): Tuition and Fees: $7,204  (in-state); $19,124 (out-of-state)Books: $1,080 (why so much?)Room and Board: $8,916Other Expenses: $3,630Total Cost: $20,830  (in-state); $32,750 (out-of-state) University of Nebraska at Omaha Financial Aid (2015- 16): Percentage of New Students Receiving Aid: 85%Percentage of New Students Receiving Types of AidGrants: 59%Loans: 40%Average Amount of AidGrants: $6,412Loans: $5,276 Academic Programs: Most Popular Majors:  Accounting, Biology, Business Administration, Criminal Justice, Elementary Education, Finance, Marketing, Psychology, Secondary Education Transfer, Graduation and Retention Rates: First Year Student Retention (full-time students): 77%Transfer Out Rate: 32%4-Year Graduation Rate: 16%6-Year Graduation Rate: 45% Intercollegiate Athletic Programs: Mens Sports:  Soccer, Ice Hockey, Tennis, Basketball, Baseball, GolfWomens Sports:  Softball, Swimming, Tennis, Volleyball, Basketball, Golf, Track and Field Data Source: National Center for Educational Statistics If You Like the University of Nebraska at Omaha, You May Also Like These Schools: University of Kansas: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphMidland University: Profile  University of South Dakota: Profile  Clarkson College: Profile  Chadron State College: Profile  Bellevue University: Profile  Iowa State University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphCreighton University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphWayne State College: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphKansas State University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT Graph University of Nebraska at OmahaMission Statement: see the complete mission statement at  https://nebraska.edu/history-mission/mission-statements.html?redirecttrue The University of Nebraska at Omaha, as part of the University of Nebraska, is a comprehensive university sited in Nebraska’s largest metropolitan area. Its distinguished faculty is drawn from the nation’s leading graduate institutions. UNO exists for the purpose of providing appropriate educational opportunities, discovering and disseminating knowledge through research and teaching, and offering public service to the citizens of the State, particularly the residents of the Omaha metropolitan area. Through these traditional, interdependent, and mutually-reinforcing functions, the faculty of the University of Nebraska at Omaha enrich the lives of students; advance the frontiers of knowledge; and contribute to the social, cultural, international and economic development of the community, State, and region.

Art Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Art Education - Essay Example It is dated from 1964 and it is indicative of Johns’ shift away from maps to ‘grand’ works (paragraph 2). 6. Cotter suggests that paintings such as â€Å"Watchman† â€Å"invite lively interactions.† While on the other hand, â€Å"According to What† is considered standoffish. The painting seems to be a collection of elements which are not cohesive (paragraph 4). 10. Cotter questions whether Johns’ painting â€Å"According to What† is a great painting. He says that though the paintings greatness is questionable, it is important and interesting because it defines Johns’ career. It is interesting because Johns uses techniques which will later be copied by other artists (paragraph 7 & 8). 13. Cotter concludes by stating that â€Å"All the pieces of a complex and enticing puzzle are there.† Like other paintings the audience is left to themselves to figure it out for themselves (paragraph 8). 1. John Russell reviews Jasper Johns’ work by first discussing the painting â€Å"The Seasons†. He states that the painting is a â€Å"benchmark in the history† of America (1). The painting is displayed at the Leo Castelli Gallery in New York. 2. Russell describes â€Å"The Seasons† as an art with â€Å"deviation or concern†. The other paintings by Johns, including â€Å"Spring, Fall, Summer, and Winter† are described as â€Å"distinct from the invented† (3). Johns’ art style as â€Å"immutable, like the American flag† (3). 4. Russell analyzes the relationship between â€Å"The Seasons† and other works by stating that â€Å"The Seasons†¦is directly related to a painting by Picasso called â€Å"The Minotaur Moving His House† (5). 5. Russell discusses the similarities between Picasoo and Johns’ paintings. The similarieties include ropes and ladders. Russell notes that Johns has used this material before but he uses it in a whole new context (6). Russell notes