Essay Beowulf Translations In Time - 2840 Words

Beowulf Translations In Time Beowulf. The oldest and, arguably, the greatest epic in English literature’s vast history. Beowulf is an epic poem, originally written in Old English, that details the heroic exploits of the warrior, Beowulf, throughout his life. It represents the heroic ideal and the role of fate’s importance to the Old English people, while also addressing politics, war, old-age, kinsmanship, and fantasy. The depth of the poem, in both its poetry and narration, is incredible, and in the original Old English the integration and weaving of meaning throughout the text is virtually unparalleled. Though Beowulf is an obvious masterpiece of English literature, its true importance in history is often understated†¦show more content†¦Wiht unhaelo, grim ond graedig, gearo sona waes, reoc ond repe, ond on raeste genam pritig pegna; panon eft gewat hude hremig to ham faran, mid paere waelfylle wica neosan. (115-125) This passage, Grendel’s approach and attack on the Dane’s hall, was chosen because it is representative of the poetic and narrative structures that are operating throughout the poem; the recurring diction, narrative movement, internal reference and contrast, and envelope structure that are present in this short passage are echoed in all of Beowulf. Also, this passage is an important and entertaining portion of the story, providing a good reference point for the analysis of the translations. The translations I have selected are varied; from literal word- by-word translations, to more â€Å"narrative† modern verse translations, to transcriptions of the original text with glossings, and even one of my own translations. The chosen translations range fairly evenly from the years 1892 to 2001, and are all from academic sources (except for, possibly, the two Penquin translations, which I have included for added depth in analysis, giving translations that are directed at a more broad audience). This varied range of translations over time provides a good foundation to examine the content of this very important passage in translation. By examining Grendel’s approach to the hall, theShow MoreRelated Epic of Beowulf Essay - Foreign and English Translations and Versions of Beowulf1541 Words   |  7 PagesForeign and English Translations and Versions of Beowulf   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   From 1805 until the present there have been introduced an abundance of paraphrases, translations, adaptations, summaries, versions and illustrations of Beowulf in modern English and in foreign languages due mostly to two reasons: the desire to make the poem accessible, and the desire to read the exotic (Osborn 341). It is the purpose of this essay to present a brief history of this development of the popularity of the poem andRead MoreEssay about Comparison of Seven Beowulf Translations1133 Words   |  5 PagesComparison of Seven Beowulf   Translations    There is not unanimity among Beowulf translators concerning all parts of the text, but there is little divergence from a single, uniform translation of the poem. Herein are discussed some passages which translators might show disagreement about because of the lack of clarity or missing fragments of text or abundance of synonyms or ambiguous referents.    After the Danish coast-guard meets and talks to Beowulf, the guard then begins his nextRead MoreLanguage in Beowulf Essay767 Words   |  4 Pagestimeles epic poem Beowulf. Beowulf was written in Old English by an unknown author between the centuries of 800 AD and 1000 AD. Year after year, a new translation is made by an author. Each translation is completely different, yet still the same poem. It is tedious for authors to make their translation literal to the original epic, while simultaneously making it understandable, modern, and readable. Many have tried to accomplish this, but personally I find that Seamus Heaney’s translation of the epic accomplishesRead MoreEssay about Analysis of 2 Translations of Beowulf667 Words   |  3 PagesDescription Comparative Analysis Beowulf is a great piece of Anglo-Saxon literature that can be, and has been, translated in multiple ways. Of the many outstanding translations, two of which are by Burton Raffel and Seamus Heaney, different ways of writing are portrayed. Grendel’s description is written quite differently in both translations. Heaney’s translation is more similar to the Anglo-Saxon style of writing than Raffel’s translation. In Heaney’s translation, he uses a kenning to describe theRead MoreEssay On Translation Of The Movie Beowulf953 Words   |  4 PagesBeowulf is the oldest surviving epic poem in Old English literature. It is a tale as old as time, passed down through stories around the campfire, told through the ancient lips of our ancestors. There were many translations recorded as soon as writing was developed, but one was more accurate and popular than the rest. In the year 2007, the movie Beowulf was produced, and it combined many translations of the poem. There were major similarities and differences between the most accurate translationRead MoreBeowulf: An Anglo-Saxon Epic Poem Essay1356 Words   |  6 Pages The epic poem Beowulf, is a work of fiction and was composed sometime between the middle of the seventh and the end of the tenth century of the first millennium, in the language today called Anglo- Saxon or Old English. This story is a heroic narrative, more than three thousand lines long, concerning the deeds of the Scandinavian prince, also called Beowulf, and it stands as one of the foundation works of poetry in English. Beowulf is obviously a creation of the poet, through partial comparisonsRead MoreEssay on Anglo-Saxon History and Beowulf1586 Words   |  7 PagesAnglo-Saxon History and Beowulf By definition the word â€Å"hero† might be interpreted in one of four ways. First off in mythology and legend, a hero is often of divine ancestry. He is endowed with great courage and strength, celebrated for his bold exploits, and favored by the gods. Secondly, a hero is a person noted for feats of courage or nobility of purpose, especially one who has risked or sacrificed his or her life. Thirdly, a hero can also be described as a person noted for specialRead MoreBeowulf And The Anglo Saxon Period1740 Words   |  7 PagesBeowulf The original poem, Beowulf, goes back to the Anglo-Saxon period in c. 650 and c.1100. Authors translated Beowulf many times in the Anglo-Saxon period to present day. It displays how a hero should be in the real world. He helps the people in the village and slays monsters. Everyone in the village looks up to him as he acts as if he were a role model. Beowulf, the protagonist in the translated Beowulf by Seamus Heaney, is a hero of his village, stands for bravery, strong will, and noblenessRead MoreSummery and Response of Webster’s Article on Archeology in Beowulf642 Words   |  3 PagesIn Webster’s article, she talks about the different things that make Beowulf the poem what it is today. In her article she talks about different things like swords, shields, halls, and cultures. She takes these subjects and talks about where they originated and why they are in the poem. She takes the poem and breaks it down into the different subjects, and shows the reader how they add to the texture of the poem. Webster ends her article by stating that the poem would not be what it was today withoutRead More Epic of Beowulf Essay - Alliteration in Beowulf1297 Words   |  6 PagesAlliteration in Beowulf  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚   The diction of the Old English poem Beowulf is distinguished primarily by its heavy use of   allliteration, or the repetition of the initial sounds of words.    In the original manuscript version of the poem, alliteration is employed in almost every line (or two half-lines); in modern translations of the poem this is not so. Beowulf uses alliteration [my italics] and accent to achieve the poetic effect which Modern English poetry achieves

Social Issues in Sociology Ideas

Social Issues in Sociology Ideas Quality healthcare is a social issue that leads to problems for people who dwell in urban environments. Possessing both sites wasn't beneficial and was confusing. I've been involved ever since. Besides teen pregnancy, there are a large number of important identified social issues in the USA today. There is a particular fragility of revenue and social position in France. All information, contact and products are going to be in 1 address. The conditions of his entrance into placement was extraordinary. It turned out to be a prosperous morning. A lot of my Hubs are favorites of mine for unique factors. Waiting and hoping I will fall. I am hoping I'm doing the proper thing,'' she explained. My name is Ealisa Adams and I'm a freelance writer for assorted online websites. Various individuals may hold different and strongly-held views, which aren't easily changed. People from otherwise excellent backgrounds are more inclined to draw sympathy than people that have more troubled histories. In some regions, it seems to have gotten worse. Social Issues in Sociology Secrets Education is potentially the most important component in someone's success in society. Nonprofit organizations are often formed for the only purpose of solving a social matter. Social problems often involve issues that impact the actual world. They are issues or problems that may affect the people in a society, no matter it is directly or indirectly, and social problems are mainly related to moral values. It's through the study of sociology which our whole outlook on several facets of crime has change. The fantastic strength of Habermas's early work is it treats the growth of media as an essential part of the formation of the modern-day societies. It increases the understanding of the society. This scientific understanding of human society is necessary in order to attain progress in many fields. In fact, the majority of people also think that racism is developed through a couple of outcomes. This term was defined in a variety of fields of studies like in psychology and sociology. The social phenomenon is currently understood in the light of scientific wisdom and enquiry. Functionalism interprets each component of society with respect to the way that it contributes to the stability of the entire society. The Benefits of Social Issues in Sociology The country has a ways to go when it has to do with discrimination. For instance, a high unemployment rate which affects millions of people is a social matter. Everyone deserves a good education. The main reason for social problems is due to unemployment, which is additionally a social problem itself. By contrast, Republicans are more inclined to feel that government shouldn't be accountable for financial equality. The front page news was not excellent. To mention every social issue is beyond the reach of this lesson, but we'll look at a few examples of social problems that are recognized and important problems in the USA today. I'm not the only one contemplating the problem of cheating. The Ugly Secret of Social Issues in Sociology Typically, 300,000 or more people all around the world take part in the Microsoft Solitaire events which take place four or five times weekly. My passion is helping different individuals make a modest additional cash online. If only a few individuals are speaking out against it, then it isn't a social matter. When many folks dwell in urban environments for work opportunities, unemployment is still an issue in lots of them. This is a step that's being taken to be able to try to get around the occurrence of this social issue. If I am only able to work out the tracker system so that I can begin making referrals which will be awesome. A social problem is normally a term used to refer to problems with a specific area or group of men and women in the world. Throughout the life program, there are social problems connected with various ages.

Business Entities in Malaysia-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Identify And Discuss the Features of Business Entities in Malaysia, Explained the Concept of Separate Legal Entity and Evaluate the Application of Section 181 (1) of the Companies Act, 1965. Answer: Introduction: A business entity can be described as a voluntary organization that has been formed and organized for the purpose of carrying on the trading of goods or services to the consumers for a profitable or altruistic purpose. This is decided by the business plan of the entity as the result of its operations and its major activity. Nearly all business entities are owned privately and are controlled by an individual or comprise a few persons. In case of Malaysia, generally the common types of business entities are sole proprietorship, partnership and private limited companies. There is a difference in all these types of business entities regarding the level of control that is exercised by the ultimate owner of the business on the business. However in all these types of business entities, the private transactions of the owners are not mixed up with the transaction and the business accounts. Sole proprietorship: As is the case with several other countries, in case of sole proprietorship, one individual solely owns the business. In case of Malaysia, only the citizens of Malaysia or the permanent residents of the country can register as the owners of sole proprietorship. The law allows personal name/trade name to be used as the name of the business. The applicant of the business name should be filled in the associated entity, which is Registrar of Business (ROB) acting under the Companies Commission of Malaysia (CCM) prior to the registration of business. In case of sole proprietorship, the liability of the owner of the business is unlimited. Consequently, in case the business fails or it has been declared bankrupt, the curators of the business have the option to sue the owner of sole proprietorship regarding all the debts of the business. The effect of this situation is that the personal income and the personal assets of the owner of sole proprietorship are also liable. However, it is the easiest way to start a business. As compared to private limited companies, only annual fee is payable by the sole proprietors to the Companies Commission of Malaysia for the purpose of renewing the business from year to year. In case of a sole proprietorship, there is no annual audit filing requirements. As mentioned above, the most significant danger present in case of sole proprietorship is that of unlimited liability. This means that if the sole proprietorship fails to fulfill its liabilities, the creditors have the option to recover from the personal assets of the owner. In this way, the personal assets of the owner of a sole proprietorship do not have any protection. The reason is that in case of a sole proprietorship, no distinction is made by the law between the owner of the business and his personal assets. The profit made by the business in case of sole proprietorship is treated as the business income of the individual. Partnership: A partnership can be described as a legal form of business in which there are two or more owners. In this case, there should be a legal agreement between the partners which mentions the way profit will be shared, decisions will be made, how the disputes will be resolved between the partners, how the partners can be added to the business in future and so on. Although it is difficult to break up a partnership when the business has just started but it has been seen that many partnerships come to an end during a crisis (Aghion, Bolton and Tirole, 2000,). Therefore, in the absence of a defined process, it could result in greater difficulties to dissolve the partnership. Generally, the business structure of a partnership is used for the purpose of establishing professional firms like auditors and lawyers. In case of a partnership, the liability of all the partners is unlimited. In this way, in case of a partnership, two or more persons (at least two persons and maximum 20) combine their resources for the purpose of carrying out a legal business in Malaysia and with a view to make profit. As is the case with sole proprietorship, only the citizens of Malaysia or permanent residents can register a partnership. Generally the partnership agreement is drawn by legal counsel. This agreement defines the liabilities and responsibilities of each partner (Anderson, Gary and Tollison, 1983). In case of a partnership, the profits and the liabilities of the business are shared by all the partners. There are different types of partnerships that need to be discussed briefly. General partnership: In case of a general partnership, the partners share responsibility regarding the management of the business and also the liabilities of the business. Similarly, the profit or the loss of the business is also shared by all the partners in accordance with the partnership agreement. Generally it is assumed that all the partners have an equal share unless something different has been mentioned in the written agreement created between the partners. Limited partnership: the meaning of a limited partnership or a partnership with limited liability is that the liability of most of the partners to the business is limited to the extent of the investment made by them. Similarly, these partners have limited input related with the decisions concerning the management of the business. However, the creation of a limited partnership is more formal and complex as compared to the formation of a general partnership (Salim, 2006). Company: Another business structure, available in Malaysia is that of a company. The Companies Act, 1965 is applicable in case of the companies operating in Malaysia. This legislation provides protection to the rights and interests of the shareholders and investors. Similarly, this legislation also contains the regulations related with the incorporation of companies, the Constitution of the company, management and closure of companies. In case of the business structure of a company, limited liability is available to the shareholders. However, at the same time, certain restrictions also placed on the ownership of the company, which have been introduced to prevent any hostile takeover attempts. In the eyes of law, a limited company enjoys a special status (Beck, Demirguc-Kunt and Maksimovic, 2004). After registration, a company has its own legal identity. Consequently, the law permits the corporation to sue in its own name. Similarly, a company can also own assets in its own name. The ownership in case of a limited company is divided into equal parts which are known as shares. A person owning one or more shares of the company is known as a shareholder of the company. As a result of the distinct legal identity offer limited company, the law provides that the owners of the company cannot be held personally liable regarding the debts of the company. Therefore, as compared to sole proprietors and partners, the shareholders of the company enjoy the benefit of limited liability. In Malaysia, there are three types of companies. These are:- Company limited by shares: the companies limited by shares can be described as the most common type of business entity that is incorporated in Malaysia. In this case, the liability of the members of the company is restricted to the amount that has been mentioned on their unpaid shares. Therefore, in case the company becomes insolvent and goes into liquidation, the members of the company are not required by the law to pay the debts of the company unless a personal guarantee has been given by any member of the company (Salim, 2005). In the same way, in this case, the private property of the members of the company is not legally responsible for the debts of the corporation. Sendirian Berhad (SDN BHD) can be described as a private limited company. In this case, any invitation to the public to subscribe to the shares of the company or to deposit money with the company for subscription or investment is prohibited. The minimum number of members required, in case of a private limited company is two and the number of members can go up to fifty. Berhad (BHD) can be described as a public limited company where the shares of the company can be offered to the general public for a fixed period as well as other forms of subscription. The minimum number of members in this case is two and the maximum number is unlimited. Generally this type of entity is created by large businesses. Companies limited by guarantee: These types of companies are generally used for clubs, charities, societies and community projects etc. Therefore, most of the companies limited by guarantee are not for profit companies. This means that these companies do not distribute their prophet among the members but either the profit is retained by the company or it is used for some other purpose. In case of this type of business entity, it is mentioned in the Articles of Association and the Memorandum of the company that the liability of members is restricted to the amount that has been "guaranteed" or undertaken during winding up, which is the amount mentioned in the Memorandum and agreed and signed by all the members. Such companies do not have share capital, therefore there are no shareholders. Unlimited companies: These types of companies are rarely formed. An unlimited company is a hybrid corporation that is either with or without share capital. Such company is similar to a limited company, but in this case, the members or the shareholders do not enjoy limited liability. This means that the members of the company have a joint, several and unlimited liability for fulfilling the insufficiency in the assets of the company in case of the liquidation of the company to settle its outstanding liabilities, if any. However and their former liquidation, the unlimited company is same as its counterpart limited company where there is no direct liability of the members towards the creditors of the company during the formal course of business. The concept of separate legal entity: The principle according to which a company is treated in the eyes of law as a separate legal entity that is distinct from its members has been provided in Salomon v Salomon Co Ltd. (1897). According to this principle, after a company has been incorporated, it is considered as an artificial person. Therefore, the company is considered to have all the rights and responsibilities that are present in case of a living person. This principle has been widely accepted and applied in the business world in Malaysia. After a company has been incorporated by complying with the procedure prescribed in this regard, a new entity comes into being and it is considered as being a separate legal entity that is different from its members and officers. As a result of this principle, a major difference is present between a company and a partnership. Therefore, a company is treated by the law as being a separate person that is different from its members, or effectively the owners and the directors, who co ntrol the company and manage the business. Being a distinct legal entity, the law permits the company to sue or be sued in its own name. Because of the decision given in Salomon v Salomon (1897), it has been confirmed that after its incorporation, a company has to be treated as a separate legal entity that is different from its members. In this regard, he does not matter if the company has purchased business from its subscribers, and it continued to operate as before, or that the third parties who are dealing with the same persons, and that the same persons have been receiving the profits that is made by the business, while previously in their capacity as partners and now as the members of the company. Section 181(1) Companies Act, 1965: Shares allow voting rights but if a person is not a majority are substantial shareholder, then it is likely that such person may be outvoted regarding a matter that could be crucial for such person. The question may arise if the person can take any action if he or she feels that the directors or the majority shareholders have done something wrong. The general answer to this question is a no. In this regard, it is a rule known as the Foss v Harbottle rule. According to this rule, it has been mentioned that the proper plaintiff regarding a wrong that has been committed against the company is the company itself and not shareholder. Under such a situation, if a person feels that the directors are the majority shareholders of the company have done something wrong, they have committed the wrong against the company and not against the person. Hence, the entity that has the right to take action is the company itself and not the person. However, sometimes the application of this rule may resu lt in certain problems. How can the company take action than the wrongdoers (the majority shareholders) are having control over the company. Certainly they will never allow the company to take action against themselves. Under these circumstances, the question arises, what can be done by a minority shareholder. Conclusion: The answer is provided by section 181 of the Companies Act. It provides the remedy in cases of oppression faced by minority shareholders. However, it needs to be kept in mind that this remedy is not available in each and every case. When a person becomes a member of the company, he should be aware of the fact that he may be outvoted. This is known as the majority rule. It simply means that the will of the majority needs to prevail, as in the case of democracy. Therefore, not every decision can be challenged under this section. Only if there has been some "oppression", this section allows a minority shareholder to challenge the decision. In Re Kong Thai Sawmill (Miri) Sdn Bhd [1978], the court has tried to describe the circumstances that may amount to oppression in terms of the Companies Act. The court stated that only the fact that one or more of the members managing the company have a majority of voting power and, relying on such power they have made policy or executive decisions that are not favorable to the complainant, cannot be described as oppression. The persons having interests in the companies limited by shares are required to accept majority rule (Re Coliseum Stand Car Service Ltd., 1972). Only when the majority rule had crossed over to the role of minority oppression or disregarded their interests, the provisions of section 181 can be invoked. For establishing oppression, there should be some visible leaving of the standards of fair dealing (Ng Chee Keong v Ng Teong Kiat Highlands Plantations Ltd., 1980). Similarly, there should be a breach of the conditions related with fair play that could have been rea sonably expected by the shareholders before making a purchase of oppression. References Aghion, P., Bolton, P and Tirole, J., 2000, Exit options in corporate finance: liquidity versus incentives, Working Paper, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ. Beck, T., Demirguc-Kunt, A., and Maksimovic V., 2004 Financial and Legal Constraints to Firm Growth: Does Size Matter, Journal of Finance, forthcoming. Chia, B., Forum: A turning point in company law, The Edge, Malaysia, July 1622, 2007 Gary M. and Tollison, R.D., 1983, The myth of the corporation as a creation of the state, International Review of Law and Economics 3, 107-120. L.S. Sealy, Foss v. HarbottleA Marathon Where Nobody Wins (1981) 40 C.L.J. 29 Salim, M.R., 2005, Shareholders Rights and Remedies in Malaysia, PhD thesis, Lancaster University Salim, M.R., 2006, Legal Transplantation and Local Knowledge: Corporate Governance in Malaysia, 20 Australian Journal of Corporate Law 55 Case Law Foss v Harbottle (1843) 67 E.R. 189 Ng Chee Keong v Ng Teong Kiat Highlands Plantations Ltd [1980] 1 MLJ 45 Re Coliseum Stand Car Service Ltd [1972] 1 MLJ 109) Re Kong Thai Sawmill (Miri) Sdn Bhd [1978] 2 MLJ 227 Salomon v A Salomon and Co Ltd [1897] AC 22

The mindless worker Essay Example For Students

The mindless worker Essay Thinking it can survive the rapid tides of this worldIt works and works and works until it can work no moreIs it truly happy in its confined walls of its fortressMust it work all the time to feel freedom?I say NOT; take for instance the butterflyThe butterfly is a thirsty brook longing to become a great riverIts tides blow strong so to be free and wild in the dayIts world is gentle and its sneezes are the sameIt does not live in a fortress for a worldHowever, one day the butterfly and the ant join powersOne is to gather a great meal for kingsAnd one is to provide a single moment of joyThe butterfly tells the ant to provide joy, but the ant refuses and leavesThe butterfly cant stand this behavior and calls back the antThe ant explains that he truly does not know what joy isWhen the butterfly hears this, his heart sinks to hell and grows coldThe butterfly feels a great sympathy for the deprived antThe ant lives in an everlasting, inescapable hell fireThe butterfly lives in a heavenly p alaceThe two are night and day!. We will write a custom essay on The mindless worker specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now .. never to be seen togetherThe butterfly flies away looking at the frozen image of the antIt flies closer and closer to the sun.. . until it is never seen againBibliography: